Mekhoa ea ho kopanya metsoako ea acrylate e arabelang e kenyelletsa haholo-holo ho etsa esterification ka kotloloho, ho etsa transesterification, mokhoa oa acid chloride, ho etsa catalysis ea phase-transfer, le ho eketsa esterification. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba eona bo hlahisoa ka ho etsa esterification ka kotloloho.
(1) Ho hlaka ka ho toba
CH₂=CHCOOH + ROH -catalyst→ CH₂=CHCOOR + H₂O
Li-catalyst tse sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa ho etsa esterification ka kotloloho li kenyelletsa asiti e matla ea sulfuric, asiti ea p-toluenesulfonic, le asiti ea methanesulfonic. Ho sebelisa asiti e matla ea sulfuric e le catalyst ea ho etsa esterification hangata ho baka liketso tse mpe tse kang ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng, oxidation, le ho iketsetsa esterification ea li-reactants. Sena se hlahisa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng, se thatafatsa tlhoekiso ea sehlahisoa le ho hlaphoheloa ha thepa e tala, se sitisa lits'ebetso tsa kamora kalafo, 'me se beha boleng ba sehlahisoa kotsing ha se ntse se senya lisebelisoa. Ka lebaka leo, PTSA e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea indasteri ea hona joale ka lebaka la melemo ea eona, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhoko tse tlase tsa tekanyo, mocheso o tlase oa karabelo, sekhahla se phahameng sa phetoho, le boleng bo holimo ba sehlahisoa. Ha karabelo e phethetsoe, catalyst e ka aroloa habonolo ho sehlahisoa, e leng se nolofatsang mokhoa oa ts'ebetso. Metsi a hlahisoang nakong ea karabelo ea esterification a tlosoa ho sebelisoa azeotropic entrainer (moemeli oa ho felloa ke metsi). Li-entrainer tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, le n-heptane, tse etsang azeotropes ka metsi a karabelo ho li tsamaisa. Li-alkanes li theko e boima ebile lia fetoha haholo; xylene e na le ntlha e phahameng ea ho belisa; benzene e na le ntlha e tlase ea ho belisa le ho fetoha ho hoholo, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho hlaphoheloa, 'me e na le chefo e phahameng. Ka hona, toluene hangata e khethoa e le entrainer. Toluene e na le ntlha ea ho belisa ea 110°C le ntlha ea ho belisa ea azeotropic ea metsi-toluene ea 84°C; e hoama habonolo nakong ea ho hlobola ha solvent ea vacuum distillation, e netefatsa sekhahla se phahameng sa ho hlaphoheloa, chefo e tlase ho feta benzene, le litšenyehelo tse tlase haholo. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena, lithibelo tsa taolo holim'a li-solvent tsa benzene-series ka har'a li-coating, enke le likhomaretsi li susumelitse bahlahisi ba bangata ho felisa toluene ho khetha li-entrainer tse thehiloeng ho alkane. Lithibela-polymerization li tlameha ho kenngoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea esterification ho thibela polymerization ea pele ho nako ea monomer ea acrylic acid le sehlahisoa se hlahisoang ke acrylate. Lithibela-meriana tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa metsoako ea phenolic (e kang hydroquinone [HQ] le tert-butylhydroquinone [TBHQ]), metsoako ea amine (e kang phenothiazine le p-phenylenediamine), le metsoako ea coordination ea koporo (e kang copper dimethyldiethyldithiocarbamate le copper dibutyl dithiocarbamate), e sebelisoang ka bonngoe kapa e le mokhoa o kopantsoeng. Bakeng sa li-acrylate tse phahameng tsa alkyl, ho ka sebelisoa esterification ea ho qhibiliha. Mokhoa ona o felisa tlhoko ea entrainer mme o fokotsa tekanyo e hlokahalang ea li-catalyst le li-inhibitor. Kamora karabelo ea reflux ho 110-120°C, ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng hoa etsoa,' me acrylic acid e sa arajoang le metsi a setseng qetellong li tlosoa ka vacuum distillation, e leng se hlahisang li-acrylate tse phahameng tsa alkyl tse nang le bohloeki bo phahameng le chai e ngata.
(2) Phetoho ea estereo ...
CH₂=CHCOOCH₃ + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + CH₃OH
Ha ho lokisetsoa li-acrylate tse phahameng tsa alkyl kapa li-acrylate tse sebetsang ka transesterification, methyl acrylate hangata e khethoa e le thepa ea ho qala ea alkyl ester e tlase. Ka lebaka la ntlha ea eona e tlase ea ho belisa (80°C), esterification e tlameha ho etsoa mochesong o tlase, e leng se lelefatsang nako ea karabelo. Ho feta moo, methanol e tsoang sehlahisoa e etsa azeotrope e nang le methyl acrylate (ntlha ea ho belisa 62–63°C), e nkang methyl acrylate e sebetsang 'me ka lebaka leo e fokotsa chai ea ester e phahameng e reriloeng. Methyl acrylate le li-acrylate tse phahameng li na le tšekamelo e kholo ea copolymerization le homopolymerization, e leng se fokotsang chai ea li-acrylate tse phahameng; ka hona, litekanyetso tse eketsehileng tsa li-inhibitor lia hlokahala khafetsa. Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse lokelang ho nahanoa le mathata a kamora kalafo, mokhoa ona ha o sa sebelisoa khoebong bakeng sa ho kopanya li-acrylate tse phahameng tsa alkyl le li-acrylate tse sebetsang.
(3) Mokhoa oa Asiti Chloride
CH₂=CHCOOH + SOCl₂ → CH₂=CHCOCl + HCl + CO₂
CH₂=CHCOCl + ROH → CH₂=CHCOOR + HCl
Mokhoa ona o qala ka ho arabela asiti ea acrylic le thionyl chloride ho hlahisa acryloyl chloride, e ntan'o feta karabelong ea esterification ka joala. Ha e hloke li-catalyst kapa li-entrainers. Hobane karabelo e tsoela pele mochesong o tlase, ho eketsoa ha li-polymerization inhibitors le hona hoa qojoa. Esterification e tsoela pele hoo e batlang e le ka bongata, e fana ka bohloeki bo ikhethang ba sehlahisoa. Leha ho le joalo, ke ts'ebetso ea mehato e 'meli e nang le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso. Karabelo e hlahisa bongata bo boholo ba likhase tsa HCl le SO₂, tse hlokang litsamaiso tsa ho hlatsoa tsa mekhahlelo e mengata ka litharollo tse hlapolotsoeng tsa alkaline le metsi bakeng sa ho monngoa.
(4) Khataloji ea Phetiso ea Mokhahlelo (PTC)
2CH₂=CH₃|C-COOH + Na₂CO₃ → 2CH₂=CH₃|C-COONA + CO₂ + H₂O
CH₂=CH₃|C-COONA + ClCH₂-CH₂O → CH₂=CH₃|C-COOCH₂-CH₂O + NaCl
Sodium methacrylate e teng e le ntho e tiileng, athe epichlorohydrin ke mokelikeli. Ha ho se na catalyst, karabelo pakeng tsa tsona e lieha haholo, e leng se hlokang hore ho sebelisoe catalyst ea phase-transfer (PTC). Li-catalyst tse loketseng tsa phase-transfer li kenyelletsa letsoai la quaternary ammonium, letsoai la quaternary phosphonium, le li-ether tsa crown. Matsoai a quaternary ammonium ke 'ona a atileng haholo, joalo ka cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), le tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Boteng ba mongobo tsamaisong ea karabelo bo baka likarabelo tse ka thoko; ka hona, ho ntlafatsa chai, thepa e tala le tsamaiso ea karabelo li tlameha ho bolokoa li sa na le metsi ebile li omme.
(5) Ho eketsa Esterification
CH₂=R₁|C-COOH + CH₂-CH₂O-R₂ → CH₂=R₁|C-COO-CH₂-OH|CH₂-R₂
Ka ho kenya ethylene oxide kapa propylene oxide ka ho toba ka har'a (meth)acrylic acid moo ho nang le catalyst, ho etsahala esterification ea ho bula selikalikoe, ho kopanya li-acrylate tsa hydroxy (meth) (tse kang HEA, HEMA, HPA, kapa HPMA). 
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-10-2026
