Merero e mecha indastering ea oli le khase ea Russia, ho kenyeletsoa le shelefong ea Arctic, e tšepisa kholo e tsoelang pele 'marakeng oa lehae bakeng sa lipente tse thibelang ho bola.
Seoa sa COVID-19 se tlisitse tšusumetso e kholo, empa e le ea nako e khuts'oane 'marakeng oa lefats'e oa li-hydrocarbon. Ka Mmesa oa 2020, tlhoko ea oli ea lefats'e e fihlile boemong bo tlase ho tloha ka 1995, e theola theko ea Brent crude ho $28 ka barele kamora keketseho e potlakileng ea phepelo ea oli e setseng.
Ka nako e 'ngoe, theko ea oli ea Amerika e bile e fetohile e mpe ka lekhetlo la pele historing. Leha ho le joalo, liketsahalo tsena tse makatsang li bonahala li sa thibele mosebetsi oa indasteri ea oli le khase ea Russia, kaha tlhoko ea lefats'e ea li-hydrocarbon e lebelletsoe ho khutla kapele.
Mohlala, IEA e lebeletse hore tlhoko ea oli e kgutlele maemong a pele ho koluoa hang ka 2022. Kholo ea tlhoko ea khase - ho sa tsotellehe phokotso e rekotiloeng ka 2020 - e lokela ho khutla ka nako e telele, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ka lebaka la ho potlakisa phetoho ea lefats'e ea mashala ho ea ho khase bakeng sa tlhahiso ea motlakase.
Liqhobane tsa Russia, Lukoil, Novatek le Rosneft, le tse ling li na le merero ea ho qala merero e mecha sebakeng sa ho ntša oli le khase mobung le Arctic shelf. 'Muso oa Russia o bona tšebeliso e mpe ea libaka tsa oona tsa polokelo ea Arctic ka LNG e le ntlha ea bohlokoa ea Leano la ona la Matla ho fihlela ka 2035.
Ka lebaka lena, tlhoko ea Russia ea liphahlo tse thibelang ho bola le eona e na le likhakanyo tse khanyang. Ka kakaretso thekiso karolong ena e fihlile ho li-rub tse limilione tse likete tse 18.5 ka 2018 ($250 milione), ho latela lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ke sehlopha sa lipatlisiso sa Discovery Research Group se thehiloeng Moscow. Liphahlo tsa li-rub tse limilione tse likete tse 7.1 ($90 milione) li ile tsa kenngoa Russia, leha ho le joalo ho kena ka har'a karolo ena ho atisa ho fokotseha, ho latela bahlahlobisisi.
Setsi se seng sa boeletsi se thehiloeng Moscow, Concept-Center, se hakantse hore thekiso 'marakeng e pakeng tsa lithane tse 25,000 le 30,000 ka 'mele. Mohlala, ka 2016, 'maraka oa ts'ebeliso ea lipente tse thibelang ho bola Russia o hakantsoe ho Rub 2.6 bilione ($42 milione). Ho lumeloa hore 'maraka o ntse o hola butle lilemong tse fetileng ka sekhahla se tloaelehileng sa liperesente tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo ka selemo.
Barupeluoa ba 'maraka ba bontša kholiseho, tlhoko ea lipente karolong ena e tla eketseha lilemong tse tlang, leha tšusumetso ea seoa sa COVID-19 e so fokotsehe.
“Ho ya ka diponelopele tsa rona, tlhoko e tla eketseha hanyane [dilemong tse tlang]. Indasteri ya oli le khase e hloka mefuta e meng ya dikobo tse thibelang mafome, tse hanelang mocheso, tse thibelang mollo le mefuta e meng ya dikobo ho kenya tshebetsong diporojeke tse ntjha. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tlhoko e ntse e fetohela ho dikobo tse sebetsang ka lera le le leng. Ehlile, motho a ke ke a hlokomoloha ditlamorao tsa seoa sa coronavirus, seo, ka tsela, se so fele,” ho boletse Maxim Dubrovsky, motsamaisi kakaretso wa mohlahisi wa dikobo wa Russia Akrus. “Tlas'a ponelopele e se nang tshepo, kaho [indastering ya oli le khase] e kanna ya se tsamaye kapele jwalo ka ha ho ne ho rerilwe pele.
Mmuso o nka mehato ea ho hlohlelletsa matsete le ho fihlela lebelo le reriloeng la kaho.
Tlholisano e sa rekiseng theko
Ho ya ka Industrial Coatings, ho na le bonyane libapali tse 30 mmarakeng wa Russia wa dikobo tse thibelang ho bola, ho ya ka Industrial Coatings. Dibapali tse etellang pele tsa dinaha tse ding ke Hempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, hara tse ding.
Bafepedi ba baholo ka ho fetisisa ba Russia ke Akrus, VMP, Russian Paints, Empils, Moscow Chemical Plant, ZM Volga le Raduga.
Lilemong tse hlano tse fetileng, lik'hamphani tse ling tseo e seng tsa Russia, ho kenyeletsoa Jotun, Hempel le PPG li kentse tlhahiso ea lipente tse thibelang ho bola Russia. Ho na le mabaka a hlakileng a moruo a entseng qeto e joalo. Nako ea puseletso ea ho qala lipente tse ncha tse thibelang ho bola 'marakeng oa Russia e pakeng tsa lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano, ho hakanngoa Azamat Gareev, hlooho ea ZIT Rossilber.
Ho ea ka Industrial Coatings, karolo ena ea 'maraka oa liaparo tsa Russia e ka hlalosoa e le oligopsony - mofuta oa 'maraka oo palo ea bareki e leng nyane ho oona. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, palo ea barekisi e kholo. Moreki e mong le e mong oa Russia o na le sete ea hae e thata ea ka hare ea litlhoko, tseo bafepedi ba tlamehang ho li latela. Phapang lipakeng tsa litlhoko tsa bareki e ka ba kholo haholo.
Ka lebaka leo, ena ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse' maloa tsa indasteri ea lipente tsa Russia, moo theko e seng har'a lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse etsang qeto ea tlhoko.
Mohlala, Rosneft e lumelletse mefuta e 224 ea liphahlo tse thibelang ho bola, ho latela ngoliso ea Russia ea bafepedi ba liphahlo tsa indasteri ea oli le khase. Ha ho bapisoa, Gazprom e amohetse liphahlo tse 55 'me Transneft e amohetse tse 34 feela.
Likarolong tse ling, karolo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e holimo haholo. Mohlala, lik'hamphani tsa Russia li kenya hoo e ka bang karolo ea 80 lekholong ea lipente bakeng sa merero ea kantle ho naha.
Tlhōlisano 'marakeng oa Russia bakeng sa lipeipi tse thibelang ho bola e matla haholo, ho boletse Dmitry Smirnov, motsamaisi-kakaretso oa Moscow Chemical Plant. Sena se sutumelletsa k'hamphani ho tsamaisana le tlhoko le ho qala tlhahiso ea mela e mecha ea lipeipi lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 'maloa. Khamphani e boetse e tsamaisa litsi tsa litšebeletso, e laola ts'ebeliso ea lipeipi, o ekelitse.
"Likhamphani tsa ho roka tsa Russia li na le bokhoni bo lekaneng ba ho atolosa tlhahiso, e leng se ka fokotsang ho rekiswa ha thepa kantle ho naha. Bongata ba ho roka bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa oli le khase, ho kenyeletsoa le tsa merero ea kantle ho naha, li hlahisoa lifemeng tsa Russia. Matsatsing ana, ho ntlafatsa boemo ba moruo, bakeng sa linaha tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho eketsa tlhahiso ea thepa ea tlhahiso ea tsona," ho boletse Dubrobsky.
Khaello ea thepa e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lipente tse thibelang ho bola e thathamisitsoe har'a mabaka a thibelang lik'hamphani tsa Russia ho atolosa karolo ea tsona 'marakeng, ho tlalehile Industrial Coatings, e qotsa bahlahlobi ba 'maraka ba lehae. Mohlala, ho na le khaello ea li-isocyanate tsa aliphatic, li-resin tsa epoxy, lerōle la zinki le mebala e meng.
"Indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tala e tsoang linaheng tse ling 'me e ela hloko litheko tsa eona. Ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tse ncha Russia le ho nkeloa sebaka ha thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho na le mekhoa e metle mabapi le phepelo ea thepa e tala bakeng sa indasteri ea ho roala," ho boletse Dubrobsky.
"Ho hlokahala ho eketsa bokgoni ho feta moo ho qothisana lehlokoa, mohlala, le bafepedi ba Asia. Di-filler, di-pigment, di-resin, haholo-holo alkyd le epoxy, jwale di ka odarwa ho bahlahisi ba Russia. Mmaraka wa di-hardener tsa isocyanate le di-additives tse sebetsang o fanwa haholo-holo ke thepa e tswang kantle ho naha. Bokgoni ba ho ntshetsa pele tlhahiso ya rona ya dikarolo tsena bo tlameha ho buisanoa ka boemo ba mmuso."
Liaparo tsa merero ea kantle ho naha li hlahella haholo
Morero oa pele oa Russia o lebōpong la leoatle e ne e le sethala se sa sisinyeheng sa tlhahiso ea oli se sa senyeheng leqhoa sa Prirazlomnaya Leoatleng la Pechora, ka boroa ho Novaya Zemlya. Gazprom e khethile Chartek 7 ho tsoa ho International Paint Ltd. Ho tlalehoa hore k'hamphani e rekile li-coat tse 350,000 kg bakeng sa tšireletso ea sethala khahlanong le ho bola.
Khamphani e 'ngoe ea oli ea Russia ea Lukoil e ntse e sebelisa sethala sa Korchagin ho tloha ka 2010 le sethala sa Philanovskoe ho tloha ka 2018, ka bobeli Leoatleng la Caspian.
Jotun e fane ka lipehelo tse thibelang ho bola bakeng sa projeke ea pele le Hempel bakeng sa ea bobeli. Karolong ena, litlhoko tsa lipehelo li thata haholo, kaha ho tsosolosoa ha ramolao oa lipehelo ka tlas'a metsi ho ke ke ha khoneha.
Tlhoko ea liphahlo tse thibelang ho bola bakeng sa karolo e lebōpong la leoatle e amana le bokamoso ba indasteri ea oli le khase ea lefats'e. Russia e na le karolo e ka bang 80 lekholong ea mehloli ea oli le khase e patiloeng ka tlas'a shelefo ea Arctic le boholo ba mehloli e batlisisitsoeng.
Ha ho bapisoa, US e na le karolo ea 10 lekholong feela ea mehloli ea polokelo, e lateloa ke Canada, Denmark, Greenland le Norway, tse arolang karolo ea 10 lekholong e setseng har'a tsona. Libaka tse hakanyetsoang tsa oli tse hlahlobiloeng lebōpong la leoatle tsa Russia li eketsa lithane tse limilione tse likete tse hlano tsa oli e lekanang le eona. Norway ke sebaka sa bobeli se hole ka lithane tse limilione tse likete tse le 'ngoe tsa libaka tse pakiloeng.
“Empa ka mabaka a 'maloa - moruo le tikoloho - mehloli eo e ka 'na ea se ke ea fumanoa,” ho boletse Anna Kireeva, setsebi sa mokhatlo o sireletsang tikoloho oa Bellona. “Ho ea ka likhakanyo tse ngata, tlhoko ea lefats'e ea oli e ka fokotseha hang ka mor'a lilemo tse 'ne ho tloha joale, ka 2023. Lichelete tse kholo tsa matsete a mmuso tse hahiloeng holim'a oli le tsona li ntse li ikhula matseteng lefapheng la oli - e leng mohato o ka susumetsang phetoho ea chelete ea lefats'e ho tloha mafura a khale ha mebuso le batseteli ba mekhatlo ba tšela chelete ho matla a nchafatsoang.”
Ka nako e ts'oanang, tšebeliso ea khase ea tlhaho e lebelletsoe ho hola lilemong tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30 tse tlang - 'me khase e etsa karolo e kholo ea mehloli ea Russia eseng feela shelefong ea Arctic empa hape le mobung. Mopresidente Vladimir Putin o itse o ikemiselitse ho etsa hore Russia e be mofani e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa khase ea tlhaho lefatšeng - tebello e sa lebelloang ka lebaka la tlholisano ea Moscow ho tsoa Bochabela bo Hare, Kireeva o ekelitse.
Leha ho le jwalo, dikhamphani tsa oli tsa Russia di boletse hore projeke ya shelefo e ka nna ya ba bokamoso ba indasteri ya oli le khase ya Russia.
Khamphani e boletse hore e 'ngoe ea libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa maano a Rosneft ke nts'etsopele ea mehloli ea hydrocarbon shelefong ea k'honthinente.
Kajeno, ha hoo e ka bang masimo ohle a maholo a oli le khase a lebopong a sibolloa le ho ntshetswa pele, le ha mahlale le tlhahiso ea oli ea shale li ntse li hola ka potlako, taba ea hore bokamoso ba tlhahiso ea oli ea lefats'e bo fumaneha shelofong ea kontinente ea Leoatle la Lefatše ha e latoloe, ho boletse Rosneft polelong e ho webosaete ea eona. Shelofo ea Russia e na le sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng: Khamphani e ekelitse ka ho feta lik'hilomithara tse limilione tse tšeletseng 'me Rosneft ke eona e nang le mangolo a mangata a laesense bakeng sa shelofo ea kontinente ea Russia.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-17-2024
