Boholo ba Maraka ea Resin ea Polymer bo ne bo nkoa e le USD 157.6 Bilione ka 2023. Indasteri ea Polymer Resin e lebelletsoe ho hola ho tloha ho $ 163.6 Bilione ka 2024 ho isa ho $ 278.7 Bilione ka 2032, e bonts'ang sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo (CAGR) ea 6.9% nakong ea bolepi ba 2032. Tekano ea indasteri ea li-resin tsa limela tse hlahang ka tlhaho ke resin ea polymer joalo ka resin ea semela, resin ea polymer le eona e qala e le mokelikeli o monyebehali o thatafalang ka ho sa feleng kamora ho pepesetsoa moea ka nako e reriloeng esale pele. Ka tloaelo, li-polymers tsa thermosetting le metsoako e meng ea manyolo li entsoe ka sesepa ho li etsa. Mafura a hydrocarbon a kenyelletsang khase ea tlhaho, oli e tala, mashala, letsoai le lehlabathe li sebelisoa e le litšiea tsa motheo bakeng sa resin ea polymer. Baetsi ba thepa e tala ba fetolang li-intermediate hore e be li-polymer le li-resin le li-processor tse fetolang thepa ena hore e be thepa e felileng ba etsa likarolo tse peli tsa mantlha tsa indasteri ea resin ea polymer. Barekisi ba thepa e tala ba sebelisa resin e mahareng kapa monoma ka e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea polymerization ho hlahisa lipolymer tse tala. Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa polymer hangata li hlahisoa 'me li rekisoa e le mokelikeli bakeng sa likhomaretsi, li-sealant le li-resin, leha li ka rekoa ka bongata joalo ka li-pellets, powders, granules kapa maqephe. Mohloli o moholo oa li-precursors tsa polymer ke oli, kapa petroleum e tala. Hangata li-processor li sebelisa mekhoa ea ho senya ho fetola li-hydrocarbon tsa petroleum ho li-alkene tse nang le polymerizable joaloka ethylene, propylene le butylene.
Mekhoa ea Marakeng ea Resin ea Polymer
Li-Resins tsa Polymer tse thehiloeng ho Bio li Fumana Traction joalo ka Litharollo tse Tsoelang Pele tsa ho paka
Li-resin tse thehiloeng ho li-polymer li hlahile e le tharollo e hlahelletseng ea ho rarolla mathata a ntseng a eketseha mabapi le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le litlamorao tse mpe tsa ho paka polasetiki ea setso. Ka tlhokomeliso e ntseng e hola ea tšilafalo ea polasetiki le litlamorao tsa eona tse mpe tikolohong ea tikoloho, bareki, likhoebo le mebuso e ntse e tsoela pele ho amohela li-polymer resins e le mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho paka lits'ebetso. Mokhoa ona o tsamaisoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse totobatsang melemo le bokhoni ba li-resin tsa polymer tse thehiloeng ho bio ho fetola indasteri ea liphutheloana ho isa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng. Li-plastiki tse tloaelehileng tse entsoeng ka peterole esale e le tsona khetho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho paka ka lebaka la ho sebetsa hantle ha tsona, ho tenyetseha le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Leha ho le joalo, ho se senyehe ha tsona le ho phehella ha tsona tikolohong ho lebisitse ho bokelleng ho hoholo ha litšila tsa polasetiki, e leng ho hlahisang tšokelo e khōlō bophelong ba leoatle, liphoofolo tse hlaha le bophelo ba batho. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-resin tsa polymer tse thehiloeng ho bio li nkiloe mehloling e ka nchafatsoang joalo ka limela, algae kapa litšila tsa biomass, tse fanang ka tsela ea ho fokotsa ho its'epa ha mafura le ho fokotsa khabone e amanang le tlhahiso ea polasetiki.
E 'ngoe ea melemo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea li-resin tse thehiloeng ho li-polymer ke ho senyeha ha tsona le ho bōptjoa ha tsona. Lipolasetiki tsa setso li ka nka makholo a lilemo ho bola, athe mefuta e meng e thehiloeng ho bioloji e ka ikarola ka tlhaho ho ba likarolo tse seng chefo ka nako e khuts'oane. Tšobotsi ena e tiisa hore bio-basedthepa ea ho pakase phehelle tikolohong, ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo le kotsi ho tikoloho. Ho feta moo, li-resin tsa polymer tse entsoeng ka manyolo ka litlama li ka nontša mobu ha li ntse li bola, 'me tsa kenya letsoho mokhoeng o chitja le oa ho nchafatsa taolong ea litšila. Ho feta moo, tlhahiso ea li-polymer resin tse thehiloeng ho bio ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa ho fokotseha ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše ha ho bapisoa le balekane ba bona ba thehiloeng peterole. Ka lebaka leo, likhoebo le liindasteri tse batlang ho fokotsa likhase tsa bona tsa khabone li fetohela mekhoeng e meng e thehiloeng ho bio e le khetho e sebetsang ho fihlela sepheo sa bona sa ts'ebetso. Ho feta moo, li-polymers tse ling tse thehiloeng ho li-bio-based li ka ba tsa nka khabone nakong ea kholo ea tsona, tsa li etsa lisebelisoa tse se nang khabone le ho thusa ho fokotsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le boqapi li ntlafalitse haholo ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea li-resin tsa polymer tse thehiloeng ho bio. Hona joale bahlahisi ba khona ho fetola thepa ea thepa ena hore e lumellane le litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ho paka, tse kang ho tenyetseha, thepa ea lithibelo le matla. Ka lebaka leo, li-resin tse thehiloeng ho li-polymer li ntse li tsoela pele ho fumana lits'ebetso liindastering tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa lijo le lino, litlolo, meriana, le tse ling. Melao le melaoana ea mmuso le eona e bile le karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng ho amoheloa ha li-polymer resins. Linaha tse ngata le libaka li kentse mehato ea ho thibela kapa ho thibela lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki tse sebelisoang hang, ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho hlahloba mekhoa e meng e tsitsitseng. Ho feta moo, mebuso e ka fana ka likhothatso kapa lithuso ho khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea thepa e thehiloeng ho bioloji, e leng se tla khothaletsa kholo ea mmaraka.
Leha ho le joalo, phetoho e lebisang ho li-resin tse thehiloeng ho bio-polymer e bile le mathata. Leha ho na le khatelo-pele e entsoeng lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele, lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho bioloji li ntse li ka tobana le mefokolo mabapi le litšenyehelo le ho fokotseha. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea li-resin tse ling tse thehiloeng ho bio e ka hloka lisebelisoa tse kholo, tse ka amang katleho ea tsona ea litšenyehelo ha li bapisoa le lipolasetiki tsa setso. Leha ho le joalo, ha theknoloji e ntse e tsoela pele le tlhokahalo e ntse e eketseha, moruo oa sekhahla o ka theola litšenyehelo le ho etsa hore li-resin tsa polymer li be le tlholisano.
Keketseho e ntseng e hola ea li-polymer resin tse thehiloeng ho bio e le litharollo tse tšoarellang tsa liphutheloana li tšoaea mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea polasetiki le ho aha sechaba se tsotellang tikoloho haholoanyane. Ka biodegradability ea bona, sebaka se tlase sa khabone, le bokhoni bo ntseng bo eketseha ba ts'ebetso, lisebelisoa tsena li fana ka mokhoa o mong o qobellang ho fapana le lipolasetiki tsa setso tse thehiloeng ho peterole. Ha likhoebo, bareki le mebuso e ntse e etelletsa pele botsitso, 'maraka oa polymer resin o thehiloe molemong oa kholo e tsoelang pele, ho matlafatsa moruo o chitja moo litšila tsa liphutheloana li fokotsoang, le lisebelisoa li sebelisoa ka nepo. Ka ho amohela lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho bio, indasteri ea ho paka e ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng polanete bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
Litlhaloso tsa Karolo ea 'Maraka ea Resin ea Polymer
Mmaraka oa Polymer Resin ka Mofuta oa Resin Insights
Ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta oa resin, karolo ea mmaraka ea Polymer Resin e kenyelletsa polystyrene, polyethylene,polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene e ka atolosoang, le tse ling. Sehlahisoa se tsebahalang haholo 'marakeng oa resin ea polymer ke polyethylene. E ratoa ka mokhoa o makatsang liindastering tse 'maloa ka lebaka la ho ikamahanya le maemo, ho tiea le ho khoneha. Lihlahisoa tse ngata, joalo ka thepa ea ho paka, mekotla ea polasetiki, lijana, liphaephe, lintho tsa ho bapala le likarolo tsa koloi, li sebelisa polyethylene. Tšebeliso ea eona e pharaletseng e nolofalloa ke ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale tse phahameng, ho monya mongobo o fokolang, le ho nolofatsa tlhahiso. Ho ntlafatsa haholoanyane ho ikamahanya le maemo le boipiletso ba khoebo ke mefuta ea eona e fapaneng, joalo ka polyethylene e phahameng haholo (HDPE) le polyethylene e tlase (LDPE), e fanang ka litšoaneleho tse ikhethang bakeng sa lits'ebetso.
Maraka ea Resin ea Polymer ka Litlhaloso tsa Ts'ebeliso
Karolo ea 'maraka ea Polymer Resin, e ipapisitseng le ts'ebeliso, e kenyelletsa motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, kaho, bongaka, likoloi, bareki, indasteri, liphutheloana le tse ling. Ho paka ke sesebelisoa se sebelisoang hangata se amanang le 'maraka oa resin ea polymer. Li-resin tsa polymer, ho kenyelletsa. polyethylene, polypropylene, le polystyrene, hangata li sebelisoa ho paka thepa. Li loketse lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa ho paka ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa tsona tse holimo, tse kenyelletsang ho tiea, ho tenyetseha le ho hanyetsa mongobo. Li-resin tsa polymer ke lisebelisoa tsa khetho bakeng sa ho paka liindasteri tse fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le ho paka lijo le lino, meriana, thepa ea bareki le thepa ea indasteri. Lebaka ke hobane li khona ho koahela le ho boloka lintho hantle, li theko e tlase, 'me li ka sebelisoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea liphutheloana le meralo.
Litlhaloso tsa Libaka tsa Polima Resin Market
Ka tikoloho, thuto e fana ka leseli la 'maraka Amerika Leboea, Europe, Asia-Pacific le Lefats'e Lohle. Ka lebaka la mabaka a 'maloa, sebaka sa Asia Pacific se bone keketseho e kholo le taolo ea mmaraka. Ke lehae la litsi tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri joalo ka China, India, Japan le Korea Boroa, moo lintho tse entsoeng ka resin ea polymer li hlokoang haholo liindastering tse fapaneng. Ho feta moo, linaha tse kholo tse ithutoang 'marakeng ke US, Canada, Jeremane, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, Korea Boroa le Brazil.
Libapali tsa 'Maraka tsa Polymer Resin le Litlhahiso tsa Tlholisano
Barekisi ba bangata ba libaka le ba lehae ba tšoaea resin ea polymer, 'maraka o hlolisana haholo,' me libapali tsohle li qothisana lehlokoa ho fumana karolo e phahameng ea 'maraka. Tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea resin ea polymer lekaleng la ho paka le oli le khase e eketsa thekiso ea resin ea polymer. Barekisi ba qothisana lehlokoa ho latela litšenyehelo, boleng ba sehlahisoa, le boteng ba lihlahisoa ho latela libaka. Barekisi ba tlameha ho fana ka resin ea Polymer e theko e tlaase le ea boleng bo holimo ho qothisana lehlokoa le 'marakeng.
Kholo ea libapali tsa mebaraka e ipapisitse le 'maraka le maemo a moruo, melaoana ea mmuso le nts'etsopele ea indasteri. Kahoo, libapali li lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho holiseng bokhoni ba tsona ba tlhahiso ho fihlela tlhokahalo le ho ntlafatsa potefolio ea lihlahisoa tsa bona. Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, le Exxon Mobil Corporation ke tsona tse ka sehloohong limmarakeng, 'me likhamphani tsa boleng bo holimo ke tsa boleng bo holimo. ho fumaneha. Libapali tsena li shebile haholo nts'etsopele ea resin ea polymer. Leha libapali tsa machabeng li laola 'maraka, libapali tsa libaka le tsa lehae tse nang le likarolo tse nyane tsa mebaraka le tsona li na le boteng bo itekanetseng. Libapali tsa machabeng tse nang le boteng ba lefats'e ka bophara, tse nang le likarolo tsa tlhahiso kapa liofisi tsa thekiso, li matlafalitse boteng ba tsona libakeng tse kholo joalo ka Amerika Leboea, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, le Middle East & Africa.
Borealis AG: ke moetapele oa polyolefin recycling Europe ebile ke e mong oa barekisi ba kaholimo lefatšeng ba tharollo ea polyolefin ea maemo a holimo, e baballang tikoloho. Khamphani e laola mebaraka ea mantlha ea lik'hemik'hale le manyolo Europe. Khamphani e iketselitse lebitso la eona e le molekane ea tšepahalang oa khoebo le lebitso le tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara le lulang le eketsa boleng ho balekane ba eona, bareki le bareki. Khamphani ke khoebo e kopanetsoeng pakeng tsa OMV, khoebo ea lefats'e ea oli le khase e nang le ntlo-kholo ea Austria, e nang le 75% ea likarolo, le Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC), e nang le ntlo-kholo United Arab Emirates (UAE), e nang le 25% e setseng. Ka Borealis le likhoebo tse peli tsa bohlokoa tse kopanetsoeng, Borouge (e nang le ADNOC, e thehiloeng UAE) le BaystarTM (e nang le TotalEnergies, e thehiloeng US), e fana ka litšebeletso le thepa ho bareki lefatšeng ka bophara.
Khamphani e na le litsi tsa litšebeletso tsa bareki Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Turkey, United States. Litsi tsa Tlhahiso li Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, Fora, Jeremane, Italy, Korea Boroa, Sweden, Netherlands, United States, 'me litsi tsa boqapi li Austria, Finland le Sweden. Khamphani e na le boteng ba ts'ebetso literekeng tse 120 ho pholletsa le Europe, Amerika Leboea, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East le Afrika.
BASF SE:ke e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse ka sehloohong lefatšeng. Khamphani ke pula-maliboho ea 'maraka ho tsamaiseng phetoho ea ho hlahisa likhase tsa CO2 ka leano le felletseng la taolo ea khabone. E na le boqapi bo matla bo sebelisang mefuta e mengata ea theknoloji ho fana ka tharollo bakeng sa liindasteri tse fapaneng tsa bareki le ho matlafatsa tlhahiso. Khamphani e sebetsa khoebo ea eona ka likarolo tse tšeletseng: lisebelisoa, tharollo ea indasteri, lik'hemik'hale, mahlale a holimo, tharollo ea temo, phepo e nepahetseng le tlhokomelo. E fana ka li-resin tsa polymer ho pholletsa le makala ohle ho kenyeletsoa lefapha la ho paka le oli le khase. Khamphani e sebetsa khoebo ea eona ka likarolo tse 11 tse tsamaisang likarolo tse 54 tsa khoebo tsa lefats'e le tsa tikoloho le ho nts'etsapele maano bakeng sa likhoebo tse 72 tsa maano. BASF e tšoaea boteng ba eona linaheng tse 80 'me e sebetsa libakeng tse tšeletseng tsa Verbund, tse hokahanyang ts'ebetso ea limela tsa tlhahiso, phallo ea matla, le meralo ea motheo libakeng tse fapaneng. E na le likarolo tse ka bang 240 tsa tlhahiso lefatšeng ka bophara ho kenyeletsoa Ludwigshafen, Jeremane, setsi sa lik'hemik'hale se seholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng se kopantsoeng ke k'hamphani e le 'ngoe. BASF e sebetsa haholo Europe mme e na le boteng bo mafolofolo Amerika, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa. E sebeletsa bareki ba ka bang 82,000 ho tsoa hoo e batlang e le makaleng ohle ho potoloha lefatše.
Likhamphani tsa Bohlokoa 'Marakeng oa Resin oa Polymer li kenyelletsa.
●Borealis AG
●BASF SE
●Evonik Industries AG
●LyondellBasell Industries NV
●Shell Plc
● Solvay
●Li-polymers tsa Roto
● Khamphani ea Dow Chemical
●Nan Ya Plastics Corp
●Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation
● Celanese Corporation
●INEOS Sehlopha
●Exxon Mobil Corporation
Lintlafatso tsa Indasteri ea Resin ea Polymer
Motšeanong 2023: LyondellBasell le Veolia Belgium ba thehile khoebo e kopanetsoeng (JV) bakeng sa Quality Circular Polymers (QCP) e tsosolosa polasetiki. Ho latela tumellano, LyondellBasell e tla reka phaello ea Veolia Belgium ea 50% ho QCP hore e be mong'a khamphani a le mong. Theko e lumellana le leano la LyondellBasell la ho aha khamphani e atlehileng ea selikalikoe le khamphani ea tharollo ea khabone e tlase molemong oa ho rarolla tlhokahalo e ntseng e hola ea thepa le lits'ebeletso tse baballang tikoloho.
Hlakubele 2023, LyondellBasell le Mepol Group ba ne ba kentse qeto ea ho fumana Mepol Group. Theko ena e bonts'a boitlamo ba LyondellBasell ba ho nts'etsapele moruo o potolohang.
Pulungoana-2022: Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC, e leng motlatsi oa Shell plc, o phatlalalitse hore Shell Polymers Monaca (SPM), morero oa Pennsylvania Chemical, o qalile ho sebetsa. Feme ea Pennsylvania, e nang le sepheo sa tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 1.6 ka selemo, ke setsi sa pele sa bohlokoa sa ho etsa polyethylene Amerika Leboea-bochabela.
Motšeanong 2024:Ka tlhahiso ea setsi sa eona sa pele sa US bakeng sa tlhahiso ea metsoako ea polasetiki ea EC le li-masterbatches, Premix Oy e se e thehile ofisi ka molao United States. Babuelli ba k'hamphani ba lebelletse hore semela sa tlatsetso se tla lumella "bareki ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tsoang lik'honthinenteng tse peli tsa bahlahisi ba rona ba boleng bo holimo. Joaloka moreki oa Premix naheng ea Amerika, u tla rua molemo ho lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tse entsoeng sebakeng sa heno, tse tla netefatsa nako e khutšoane ea ho etella pele le polokeho ea phepelo e phahameng. Li-tray tsa karolo ea ESD ka har'a mabokose a liphutheloana tsa foam tse ngata, li-crate le li-pallets li ka sebelisoa ka har'a li-tray tsa likarolo tsa ESD, ka har'a mabokose a mangata a pakang, mabokoseng, mabokoseng le liphaleteng kajeno, tse sebetsang naheng ea Finland li na le bokhoni ba ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea lipolymers tse kang ABS, polycarbonate, PC, 6mo, PBS le BT. elastomers TPES le thermoplastic polyurethanes TPUs.
Phato 2024:Resin e ncha e sa tlatsoang, e fetotsoeng ka tšusumetso ea polybutylene terephthalate e se e fumaneha ho tsoa ho Polymer Resources, e leng motsoako oa US oa li-resin tsa boenjiniere. Resin ea TP-FR-IM3 e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase maemong a leholimo a kang ka ntle, ka ntle, ka ntle le matlo a ka hare. E na le bokhoni bo botle ba leholimo, matla a ts'usumetso, k'hemik'hale e hanyetsanang le lik'hemik'hale le ho lieha ha lelakabe. Tagheuer e re e amohetse setifikeiti sa mebala eohle tlasa UL743C F1. E boetse e kopana le litekanyetso tsa UL94 V0 le UL94 5VA bakeng sa ho fokotsa lelakabe ha botenya ba 1.5 mm (.06 inch) 'me e fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang matla a matla a matla, ho hanyetsa motlakase o phahameng, matla a phahameng a dielectric le tahlehelo e tlaase ea dielectric. Sehlopha sena se secha se boetse se lumellana le mebala eohle ea UL F1 bakeng sa tšebeliso ea kantle 'me se khona ho mamella mohloa o boima le serapa, likoloi le lik'hemik'hale tsa ho hloekisa.
Polymer Resin Market SegmentationPolymer Resin Market Resin Mofuta oa Pono
● Polystyrene
● Polyethylene
● Polyvinyl Chloride
● Polypropylene
● Polystyrene e Atolositsoeng
● Tse ling
Pono ea kopo ea 'Maraka oa Resin ea Polymer
●Motlakase & Electronics
●Kaho
● Tsa bongaka
● Likoloi
● Moreki
● Tsa indasteri
● Ho paka
● Tse ling
Ponahalo ea Libaka ea Polima Resin Market
● Amerika Leboea
OUS
oCanada
●Europe
oJeremane
oFrance
oUK
oItaly
oSpain
kapa Linaheng tse ling tsa Europe
● Asia-Pacific
oChina
oJapan
oIndia
oAustralia
o Korea Boroa
oAustralia
o Karolong e 'ngoe ea Asia-Pacific
● Bochabela bo Hare & Afrika
oSaudi Arabia
oUAE
o Afrika Boroa
oHohle Bochabela bo Hare le Afrika
●Latin America
oBrazil
o Argentina
kapa Linaheng tse ling tsa Latin America
| Sebopeho/Metric | Lintlha |
| Boholo ba Mmaraka 2023 | USD 157.6 limilione tse likete |
| Boholo ba Mmaraka 2024 | USD 163.6 limilione tse likete |
| Boholo ba Mmaraka 2032 | USD 278.7 limilione tse likete |
| Sekhahla sa Kholiso ea Selemo le Selemo (CAGR) | 6.9 % (2024-2032) |
| Selemo sa Motheo | 2023 |
| Nako ea Bolepi | 2024-2032 |
| Lintlha tsa Histori | 2019 & 2022 |
| Diyuniti tsa Forecast | Boleng (USD Bilione) |
| Tlaleho ea Ts'ebetso | Ponelopele ea Lekeno, Boemo ba Boemo ba Tlholisano, Lintlha tsa Kholo, le Mekhoa |
| Likarolo Tse Koaheletsoeng | Mofuta oa Resin, kopo, le Sebaka |
| Libaka tse Akarelitsoeng | Amerika Leboea, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, le Latin America |
| Linaha Tse Koaheletsoeng | US, Canada, Jeremane, Fora, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japane, India, Australia, Korea Boroa, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina, |
| Lik'hamphani tsa Bohlokoa Tse Ngotsoeng | Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, le Exxon Mobil Corporation |
| Menyetla ea Bohlokoa ea Maraka | · Kamohelo e Holang ea Biodegradable Polymers |
| Matla a Matla a 'Maraka | · Katoloso ea Indasteri ea Oli le Khase · Keketseho e Bohlokoa ea Indasteri ea Liphutheloana |
Nako ea poso: May-16-2025

